Arizona Opera proving ground for ASU School of Music singers


March 26, 2013

The ASU School of Music in the Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts and Arizona Opera have developed a study cover program that provides graduate students with hands-on experience in a professional opera company and access to the world-class singers who perform on its stage.

The program was initiated in 2009 by Scott Altman, general director of Arizona Opera. Although many cooperative programs exist between opera companies and universities for music graduate students, none are as comprehensive or afford students such exposure to what it takes to make it in this highly competitive business, according to ASU School of Music Professor Dale Dreyfoos. ASU School of Music's study cover program with Arizona Opera offers students access to such world class singers as Lisette Oropesa who sang Lucia in Arizona Opera's production of "Lucia di Lammermoor," Photo by Courtesy of Arizona Opera. Download Full Image

“I don’t know of any other opera company that has this kind of program for students at this stage of their careers,” said Dreyfoos, who helps select students to audition for study cover roles in Arizona Opera productions and is one of several School of Music faculty members who coaches students once they are cast in a company production. “Opera companies have resident artist programs for young singers but to actually have a company where students are learning roles and sitting in on rehearsals, this is rare.”

Lori Fisher, director of education for Arizona Opera, compares the program to a more familiar sports analogy. “It’s like a college football player who gets to spend time with a pro team and go to all the practices and then sit on the bench during the game with the head set on and hear the coaches call the plays,” she said. “They see exactly what that world looks like and how much discipline is required. Not even chorus members get this kind of exposure. The study cover students see how these world class singers develop the character with the director and the conductor just as a member of the cast does.”

For soprano Rhea Miller, Doctor of Musical Arts in Voice Performance student, the experience has meant absorbing how two professional opera singers – Lisette Oropesa, a rising star who has been a regular at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City and Stacy Tappan, an international opera singer – interpreted one of the legendary roles of opera, Lucia in "Lucia di Lammermoor." Miller was one of four ASU graduate students selected for study cover roles in the first three productions of Arizona Opera’s 2012–13 season along with Stefan Gordon, Doctor of Musical Arts in Voice Performance student, Asleif Willmer, Master of Music in Music Theatre and Opera Performance student and Kristin Roney, who graduated in December 2012 with a Master of Music in Performance (Music Theatre Performance, Opera). In April, current Master of Music in Performance (Music Theatre Performance, Opera) students Miriam Schildkret, Joyce Yin, Philip Morgan and Jessica Tisdale join Miller and Gordon as study covers for Arizona Opera’s production of Mozart’s "Marriage of Figaro" from April 5–7 in Phoenix and April 13–14 in Tucson. Miller has been cast as the study cover for Susanna, one of the largest and longest roles in opera repertoire.

“I have my own interpretation of Lucia,” said Miller, who sang the role for the Celestial Opera Company in California. “But I liked what Oropesa was doing and I thought, ‘I can take that interpretation into mine.’” She has had similar experiences watching Sari Gruber and Joelle Harvey who each sing the role of Susanna. “The role is definitely massive and a different kind of singing than Lucia. Mozart is very precise and doesn’t have a lot of rubato,” Miller said. “Susanna is lighter and more playful and her music is not as vocally taxing, but then she never leaves the stage.”

The study cover program requires ASU singers to fully memorize the role and be prepared to perform it. However, during the usual three-week, six-hour-a-day-rehearsal period it is unlikely that they would be asked to perform since the company has professional understudies to cover principal roles. But it’s this level of preparedness, in addition to the singers’ high caliber of talent, which impresses Fisher and Ryan Taylor, director of artistic administration for Arizona Opera. “The students are well-rounded. They have good fundamentals because of the school’s rigorous program. It’s hard to also get acting in there and ASU students have that too,” Fisher said.

The ASU Lyric Opera Theatre program provides students with the platform to develop their dramatic skills but its demands are only a prologue to the exacting world of professional opera where the audience can pay more than $100 a seat to hear the closest thing to perfection that these professionals can deliver. “You can smell the difference,” said Miller, describing rehearsing for a Lyric Opera Theatre production and the Arizona Opera. “You can feel it in the air. It’s electric. You’ve got to be on your game. Even what you wear to rehearsal is important.”

Kristin Roney’s game was tested when two weeks into rehearsal for the opera’s recent production of "Romeo et Juliette" she was asked to cover for the singer playing Stephano: “I had the tools to do it but I wasn’t in the Lyric Opera Theatre basement, I was in the Arizona Opera and I said to myself, ‘You’ve done this. Show them what you’ve got.’” It is not uncommon for mezzo sopranos, such as Roney, to sing young male opera roles or “pants” roles. Roney hopes to sing these roles professionally. “If you can’t show up and deliver, there are a million other people who can. It’s what’s required and what is expected,” Roney said.

She went home that night and “pranced around the living room” rehearsing the blocking the director had just begun teaching the cast and trying the musical suggestions the conductor gave her. The next day, she sang the role. “You’re always told to be prepared because the moments you are asked to show up aren’t always the moments you choose.”

It’s that kind of professional advice, camaraderie and networking that Carole FitzPatrick, associate professor in the School of Music, believes are invaluable assets of the study cover program which gives ASU students an edge in this competitive business. “The idea that you have to really be ready to go on stage and perform, nothing drives that home until you are standing in rehearsal of a professional opera house three weeks before the curtain goes up and you are asked to perform,” said FitzPatrick, who has performed more than 50 major roles in German opera houses in her career. “They are interacting with people who are actually doing the role, whom they can approach and say, ‘tell me your path’ and to a person the artists have been so generous with their time.”

The students also can add these roles to their resumes, something that not only helps them meet their degree requirements, but that also sends an important message to would-be employers. “It validates that this person is worthy of being hired,” Dreyfoos said. “They have received experience working with a professional opera company.”

ASU School of Music alumna Daveda Karanas echoes the importance of a study cover role for young singers whose voices don’t reach maturity until they’re in their 30s. Karanas is living the professional life to which Miller and Roney aspire. She’s making her living doing what she loves, singing opera professionally. In Karanas’ case that has meant covering the role of Cassandre in "Les Troyens" with one of the world’s premiere companies, The Metropolitan Opera in New York City. Although Karanas graduated with a Master of Music in Music Theatre and Opera Performance before the study cover program began, she said the program is essential. “Having a study cover present allows the rehearsal schedule to go on as planned and keeps things moving in a forward motion,” she explained. “Some of my favorite operatic moments that I got to witness happened in a rehearsal where I was sitting quietly watching from the corner of the room.”

Ryan Taylor, director of artistic administration for Arizona Opera, credits the ASU School of Music faculty for the program’s success. “It’s quite an accomplished group. We have talent here,” he said. “For Arizona Opera, the study cover program allows us to instill a great love of the art form for the next generation.” In addition, the program is not only a stepping stone for young singers but it also provides a strong bench from which the company can draw new talent.

When Kristin Roney reflects on her experience she credits the study cover program with fueling her confidence and strengthening her resume. She eventually wants to follow in her mentor Carole FitzPatrick’s path and sing with an opera house in Germany. “I learned much more about how to handle myself in that kind of situation,” Roney said of the study cover program. “Singing is a huge mind game. You learn how to compose yourself under pressure and how to let go and be yourself in this kind of situation where everyone is watching you sing. You get to stand up with world-class singers and just do it. That is very rare.”

For more information about the ASU School of Music and its graduate programs visit music.asu.edu and for theArizona Opera at azopera.org. 

Public Contact: 
Susan Felt
Coordinator of Communications and Marketing
480.965.0478
susan.felt@asu.edu

Media Contact:
Susan Felt
Coordinator Communications and Marketing
Herberger Institute
480.965.0478
susan.felt@asu.edu

Bacterial boost for clean energy


March 26, 2013

Bacteria are often associated with their disease-causing capacity or alternatively, with their role as normal residents of the human body, where they perform duties essential to health.

Joseph Miceli, a researcher at ASU’s Biodesign Institute, studies specialized microorganisms known as anode respiring bacteria (ARB). Rather than investigating their role in health and disease however, his research explores the ability of these microbes to clean up waste and produce useful energy in the form of electricity or hydrogen. Download Full Image

Miceli studies under Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown and Cesar Torres, who head the microbial electrochemical cell team in Biodesign’s Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology. The center is devoted to putting microbes to work to address societal challenges, including environmental decontamination (particularly water sources) and production of clean energy from waste.

“One of the ways we currently treat wastewater from such sources as food processing is to use aerobic organisms,” Miceli says, referring to bacteria requiring oxygen for survival. “So we have to pump oxygen into the system in order to help feed the bacteria, which break down the chemical contaminants. This adds a very large cost.” Indeed, previous studies suggest the extra energy that must be supplied to aerobic organisms accounts for around 50 percent of the energy price tag for such wastewater treatment.

By contrast, the anode respiring bacteria Miceli focuses on are anaerobic organisms, which thrive in oxygen-free environments. Their successful application for wastewater treatment would therefore drive down the cost substantially, but that is only half the story. Anode respiring bacteria can perform another impressive feat, producing harvestable energy in the course of their respiration activities.

Some of Krajmalnik-Brown andTorres’ group’s* findings recently appeared in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.

At the Swette Center, researchers like Miceli work on various aspects of microbial electrochemical cell (MXC) technology. Here, anode respiring bacteria are able to transfer electrons to the negative terminal or anode of a kind of biological battery. The electrons are then free to flow to the cathode or positive side of the battery, generating useable current in the process.

(This type of MXC is known as a microbial fuel cell (MFC). A modified form of the design – known as a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) – allows the production of hydrogen at the cathode side of the reaction.)

MXC technology, while still at an experimental stage, holds the promise of  biodegrading various organic waste streams – from pig manure to food processing waste – while extracting clean energy in the process, a win-win situation.  Use of the device in its MEC configuration on the other hand, would perform electrolysis to form hydrogen as its output, rather than electricity. This could help to reduce society’s reliance on natural gas and other fossil fuels currently used for hydrogen manufacture.

Miceli stresses the intensely interdisciplinary nature of such research, which combines engineering and device design with microbiology, molecular biology and chemistry. This integrated approach is essential for understanding how microbial ecosystems work, so that they may be applied to improve public health and sustainability.

Microbial electrochemical cells are composed of two compartments. In the devices Miceli uses for benchtop study, these usually consist of mason-jar sized chambers, which comprise the two terminals of the battery. Anode respiring bacteria are grown in the negative or anode chamber and permitted to feed on organic substances.

Having consumed an organic substrate for food, the bacteria need to give up excess electrons as part of their metabolic pathway. In their naturally occurring state, many such bacteria use iron in the environment for this task, but in the MXC, the electrode in the anode chamber acts as the electron acceptor. The anode respiring bacteria will firmly attach themselves to this electrode, forming a living matrix of protein and sugar. The sticky accumulation is known as a biofilm.

Miceli has been particularly interested in the diversity of anode respiring bacteria and how well different bacterial strains perform two essential activities: a) consuming a substrate that may be composed of many different organic ingredients and b) transferring electrons to the anode efficiently in order to produce high current densities. (Current density is simply a measure of electrical current per unit area.) For example, Geobacter, the most commonly studied anode respiring bacteria, is very good at producing high current densities but for the most part only likes one compound – acetate, which is a fatty acid.

To obtain a wide range of diverse microorganisms capable of acting as anode respiring bacteria, Miceli asked fellow researchers returning home during a break in the academic term to collect samples from marshes, lake sediments, saline microbial mats, and anaerobic soils.

The group took 13 samples from around the world, grew them in the anode chamber of an MXC and set a particular voltage at the electrode with a potentiostat. This device produces an electrochemical force on the working electrode and determines which kinds of reactions can take place.

“Previous work in our lab established the concept that if you poise the electrode at a particular energy level, you can encourage the growth of bacteria that are going to be better at producing high current densities. We established that this is a good means for enriching these organisms and getting them to come out of whatever the biological sample is – wastewater or sediment for example – and attach to the electrode.”

Following several stages of enrichment, the group was able to show high current densities for seven out of the 13 samples tested. Notably, the well-known Geobacter only dominated two of the sample communities while other successful samples contained different anode respiring bacteria – some known, others novel, and evidently thriving under diverse environmental conditions.

Future efforts will help characterize the individual bacterial types found in the sample communities and examine their suitability for electricity production, wastewater treatment, bioremediation, and hydrogen production.

This work was funded by the Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, which is directed by ASU Regent’s Professor Bruce Rittmann.

*Joseph Miceli’s paper in Environmental Science & Technology was written with colleagues Prathap Parameswaran, Dae-Wook Kang, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown and Cesar I. Torres.

Richard Harth

Science writer, Biodesign Institute at ASU

480-727-0378